Preparing an Outline for Research Articles and Thesis for Dummies

Preparing an Outline for Research Articles and Thesis for Dummies The best type of essay starts with the very best sort of topic, so take time to choose something which works for you. The conclusion also needs to be included in the prewriting practice. To put it differently, it should provide a last statement that touches on the key points which you have made in your essay. If your thesis is something which is normally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there's not any reason to attempt to persuade people. An outline will help to specify the way a student will build other critical sections including Literature Review. An absolutely free outline may be used by writers in writing. An excellent outline has become the most crucial step in writing a superb paper. It is an important element in writing a good paper. Rectify all the errors you are able to pinpoint and also attempt to acquire somebody else to read the paper you've written. There are a couple of suggestions on how to compose your abstract but the very best advice is that you look at some journals applicable to your research and attempt to format your abstract in a similar way. There are a number of reasons, but generally speaking, it could be beneficial to make an outline if you want to demonstrate the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information. Tell yourself that you have all of the thoughts, suggestions and words you require to compose great articles people will like to read. Facts, Fiction and Preparing an Outline for Research Articles and Thesis A research paper outline, though, will additionally have a hypothesis or thesis as a portion of the introduction. Make sure the topic you pick for your dissertation is one you're comfortable and familiar with. A methodological design has to be included in the discussion in a thesis outline. There are a lot of dissertation guides out there which contain chapters and chapters of information about how to compose an outstan ding dissertation. Next, it has to sum up the entire essay. Choosing a thesis doesn't arrive first. Make sure that your thesis is arguable. Observing the introduction the points required to demonstrate the thesis are provided. Whether you do an easy research or a complicated one for a larger project, a research outline can help you have the best outcomes. An outline is essential for all sorts of research papers. A critical part of any research paper outline is going to be a literature review. Utilizing a definitive outline to prepare a research paper can help you to concentrate on its key elements of the analysis. Writing a research paper is as vital as performing the true research or experiment itself and can seem to be an extremely daunting endeavor. Planning is undoubtedly a necessity, and all the very best research papers examples come from effective planning. Tell yourself which you can write articles. Good research papers are all over the net for one to read. When outlining your methodology, you would like to explain the critical steps you intend to take to collect information. Conducting a research isn't any doubt an elaborate affair and with all these tasks to do, it isn't uncommon to drop consistency if there is absolutely no outline. Outlines ought to be checked to create sure the points that you have covered have a logical flow. A thesis outline was designed to be certain that the plans for the inception of a thesis is put together in such a manner that all of the variables necessary to the range of the study are considered appropriately. Now you have a notion of what you w ould like to write about, the next step ought to be planning everything carefully. In some instances, some regions of the outline aren't written down due to some last minute alterations. To begin, you're going to want a great topic and a strong focus as a way to receive your paper outline rolling. If you take a look at research paper outline examples, you will observe we have several strategies to present the principal body.

My Aquarium Essay - 544 Words

My Aquarium The place I decided to do my paper on is located in the living room of my family’s house. It is a one hundred gallon aquarium. The reason I chose this as the topic of my paper is that all kingdoms are present except for Plantae in it and it is its own ecosystem. Before I go in detail about the organisms in the aquarium, I would like to mention the accessories that make this aquarium a stable environment and allow the organisms to grow happily. The temperature needs to mimic natural reefs that are often found in tropical regions. The tank needs to be 78 degrees F. In the summer water is pumped through a chiller that lowers the temperture to exactly what it needs to be and†¦show more content†¦Next, is the water. This needs to be ultra pure, free from dissolved solvents. Due to the high temperatures evaporation can cause as much as 2 gallons a day to be replaced. A reverse osmosis water purifier is used to create this ultra pure water. Now that I have explained how the water starts of pure the salinity needs to be constant. 33 parts per thousand is recommended for reef aquariums. Calcium, amino acids, phytoplankton, and iodine are also added to the aquarium on a daily basis. The water is tested on a monthly basis for ph, alkalinity, and about a dozen different chemicals to be sure the water chemistry is correct. Now we will discuss the first part of the reef aquarium, which is the sand and live rock. The sand needs to be live sand, meaning it contains all the necessary bacteria that will be needed in this artificial environment. The same is true for the live rock, which needs different bacteria and is the resting place for all of the corals. These organisms belong to the kingdom Monera Protista and are the first organism to be added to the tank. This aquarium also contains organisms of the kingdom Protista. These are present in the green algae that are seen on the glass of aquariums. 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Animals loveRead MoreTechnology, Abstraction and Ideas of Nature3315 Words   |  14 Pagesplanar walls, platforms, terraces and soffits to capture the space of the rural setting and to resonate with the surrounding landscape. He abstracted the geometry of the nearby archeology excavations in his plan. The parentage of this building included Mies van der Rohe’s Barcelona Pavillion, Terragni’s works of the 1930s, buildings of the modern form and structure with a certain classical resonance. He took over basic themes from modern tradition and gave them a fresh significance with respect to theRead MoreEutrophication: Water Quality Parameters Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pa gesexperiment, the â€Å"high† aquarium plants will probably begin growing much faster than those of the â€Å"control† aquarium. However, after a few weeks they will probably begin regressing or even dying, while the â€Å"control† and even â€Å"moderate† plants are thriving. Through this experiment, I hope to gain a better understanding of the effects of agricultural runoff on surrounding aquatic environments. The experiment will provide a hands on look at eutrophication and its effects on my surroundings. Methods Read MoreZoos And Aquariums Helping Or Hurting?992 Words   |  4 PagesAnimals in Zoos Are zoos and aquariums helping or hurting? Do hundreds of thousands of happy onlookers make zoos justifiable? Is it acceptable to keep animals confined for our entertainment? Animals that are confined to zoos or aquariums often exhibit abnormal behavior. This can manifest its self behaviorally or physically. This could be as displayed as begging, self-mutilation, autoerotic stimulation or general sterotypies. Sterotypies are â€Å"are repetitive, invariant, behavior with no obvious goalRead Moredescriptive essay799 Words   |  4 PagesMini Vacation to Atlanta, Georgia Traveling is one of my family’s favorite things to do. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. The three thatRead MoreLowells For the Union Dead: A Civil War Memorial1131 Words   |  5 Pagesconflict marked the beginning of a truly modern age. But I’ve got fifteen minutes in the spotlight, so I’d like to develop a stronger thesis. â€Å"For the Union Dead† opens with descriptions of Boston’s urban landscape. The first is the South Boston Aquarium: cold, decrepit, and strangely nostalgic. The second is the monument commemorating the actions of Colonel Shaw and his unique â€Å"negro† regiment. Together they form layers of metaphor that are characteristic of Lowell’s writing. 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In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. The three that

Creative Thinking The Conceptualised Ideologies

Question: Describe about the Creative Thinking for The Conceptualised Ideologies. Answer: The use of the creative ideas with proper presentation of the creative and inventive thoughts is known as Creative Thinking. The creative thinking contains the dangerous ideas to make it more attractive. People engage the beautifully synchronised and conceptualised ideologies for presenting the creative thinking. The utilisation of innovative technologies makes the creative thinking more dangerous. Especially, when people add up some of the innovative visualisation that creates the dangerous and attractive ambience with flows of colours, it becomes much creative and flawless. Some of the creative thinking is demonstrated through providing the visual presentations (Runco and Acar 2012, p.8). The creative animations and web technologies are used to present the visual demonstration. Creative solutions are sometimes perceived as the conventional wisdom, which leaves the marks on peoples mind (Clarkin-Phillips 2013, p.430). The creative thinking may take the dangerous shape, which may thr eaten the traditional approaches. The information is received from the book Steal Like and Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You About Being Creative written by Kleon Austin and Kleon Austin. The chapter used in this document is named as Make Things, Know Thyself. Another video is used as the source of information. The video, The Making of Sound + Vision: Synesthesia at the Sydney Opera House has been presenting the creative art of the events. The use of the effective technologies is much appreciable and generates the sense of amusements among the viewers minds (Thecreatorsproject.vice.com 2016). The video was uploaded in the website named Thecreatorsproject.com. Creativity is based on several significant myths. The first myth is considering that creativity is originated from the unconscious mind. One cannot present creativity more attractively if it has been coming from a conscious mind. However, unconscious is a term, which is considered as notoriously vague. The second myth is specifying that creativity outbursts when there is the presence of talent. The dangerous creativity is possible if there is the imaginative idea incorporated with the presentation process. Another myth is representing that the children are more creative than the adults (Runco and Acar 2012, p.5). The children are much imaginative and they try to put their imagination in everything they have been presenting in front of others. It is noted that children are much attracted towards the creative thinking. The video is presenting the school kill creativity that defines the other myths. One of the myths represents the inner spirit of the individual. While presenting any creative thinking, it is necessary to explore the inner self firstly. Creativity is also considered as the therapeutic self-discovery. It depends on the creativity of mind. The way mind will function, the attractiveness of the creativity will revolve. Music and art is depended on the therapeutic methods, which are considered as one of the greatest achievement of 20th century. Creativity is the spontaneous inspiration that is associated with concept, ideas, images, phrases, and tunes (Mumford, Medeiros and Partlow 2012). The video is also exploring the use of proper imaginative animations and presenting the visual demonstration in a dangerously beautiful way. It inspired people in a most imaginative well and present the outflows of creativity. It is a true myth that the most creative thinkers have been unrecognised. The specific details of the creative thinking have been the part of a great thinker. Another myth depicts that everyone is creative. In this modern world, creativity is measured by quality parameter whereas it should be rated by the originality (Mumford, Medeiros and Partlow 2012, p.35). The final myth is determining that creativity only applies to fine arts and science. The assimilation of the arbitrary distinctions is quite preferable for featuring a creative thinking in a form of a presentation. The video is also specifying the show held in Sydney Opera House (Thecreatorsproject.vice.com 2016). The background animation is properly featuring the imaginative creative thinking that leaves the special impacts on viewers minds. The innovative ideas and the utilisation of the effective technological tools have made this event more attractive. However, it has been noted that the use of the technological tools is no t the only criteria to fulfil the objectives of creative thinking. It should be associated with the flawless presentation and innovative concepts De (Bono 2015, p.15). The video itself represents the overflows of web technologies and proper ambience to highlight the organised show. The animation presented in this event is appreciable in a way that puts the imaginary view to the viewers. The critical views articulate the unique, excellent and visionary art forms, which usually tilted towards mainstream of acceptance. One of the major focuses of creative thinking is to prepare the things by deriving ideas and evaluate self-awareness (Austin and Austin 2012, p.161). Fields, genres, and domains have to pass through several periods of stagnation and innovation. In most of the cases, it has been noted that possibilities are opened up and then gradually it is exploited more significantly. However, the assimilation of such innovative ideas and the technological mechanisms has contributed more efficiency to this screen presentation (Thecreatorsproject.vice.com 2016). The supports from the viewers have provided the more appreciation to this innovative thinking in this event. The exploration of the inner self is thus one of the major criteria to present the creative thinking. References Austin, K. and Austin, K. 2012. Steal Like an Artist : 10 Things Nobody Told You About Being Creative. 1st ed. Workman Publishing Company, p.161. Clarkin-Phillips, J 2013. Young childrens creative thinking.Early Years,33(4), pp.427-428. De Bono, E 2015.Serious Creativity: How to be creative under pressure and turn ideas into action. Random House. Mumford, M.D., Medeiros, K.E. and Partlow, P.J 2012. Creative thinking: Processes, strategies, and knowledge.The Journal of Creative Behavior,46(1), pp.30-47. Runco, M.A. and Acar, S 2012. Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential.Creativity Research Journal. Thecreatorsproject.vice.com, 2016. Videos | The Creators Project. [online] The Creators Project. Available at: https://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/en_au/video [Accessed 4 Dec. 2016].

Other Objects Like Lines (roads) And Polygons (areas, Minefields) Ar

? Other objects like lines (roads) and polygons (areas, minefields) are more complicated to handle and will need trained personal (if they're entered and maintained within the GIS). ? If data concerning the state of roads and bridges is necessary to be easily retrieved it might be necessary to create a special form for handling such information. It shouldn't be in the existing reports, because they are snapshots of progress and are being used for documentation ? The base coordinate system for displaying and querying geographical data at the GIS Lab in (and probably in general) is Longitude, Latitude. This is mainly because using GPS Receivers can easily collect data. Within Somalia there are no exact maps available and the GIS Lab of at mainly produces the maps used by the international organizations. When maps are available deminers tend to work with the grid of the map being used. It is necessary to convert this local system into Longitude, Latitude. There is a freeware called available. ? There are two different approaches to work with data in GIS: a) Data is entered into a "database" through the GIS. An example is inserting a village through clicking onto the map and then entering the data associated with this village to the point on the map. The GIS is building up its own data structure in the background and the retrieval of this data can then only be done through the GIS. b) The GIS is used for displaying data stored in an external database. The GIS can query (through ODBC, with SQL) the underlying database and retrieve the necessary geographical information (Longitude, Latitude) to display the points on a map. ? When showing our hierarchy of provinces, districts and cities, was skeptical if this is the right way. He fears, that the survey team would not know in which province they are or they cannot know because the borders are not defined and therefore wrong information is saved in the database. ? The discussion with suggested it feasible to build up our own structure for provinces, districts and cities, because we cannot rely upon people defining this structure on a GIS. ? The GIS Lab of the is playing a big role in sharing the collected data. It will probably come to the point when they want to import data gathered through the Field Module and display it on their maps. As long as we're using longitude and latitude, they will surely not face problems working with our data. ? An idea for the Field Module is a cut and paste function of map pieces, into the sketch maps of the minefields (through the clipboard and e.g. paintbrush). The user can then draw the minefield directly on the screen. This might be another approach, compared to

Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan in the Civil War

Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan in the Civil War John Hunt Morgan - Early Life: Born June 1, 1825, in Huntsville, AL, John Hunt Morgan was the son of Calvin and Henrietta (Hunt) Morgan. The eldest of ten children, he moved to Lexington, KY at age six following the failure of his fathers business. Settling on one of the Hunt family farms, Morgan was schooled locally before enrolling in Transylvania College in 1842. His career in higher education proved short as he was suspended two years later for dueling with a fraternity brother. With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Morgan enlisted in a cavalry regiment. John Hunt Morgan - In Mexico: Traveling south, he saw action at the Battle of Buena Vista in February 1847. A gifted soldier, he won promotion to first lieutenant. With the conclusion of the war, Morgan left the service and returned home to Kentucky. Establishing himself as a hemp manufacturer, he married Rebecca Gratz Bruce in 1848. Though a businessman, Morgan remained interested in military matters and attempted to form a militia artillery company in 1852. This group disbanded two years later and in 1857, Morgan formed the pro-South Lexington Rifles. An ardent supporter of Southern rights, Morgan often clashed with his wifes family. John Hunt Morgan - The Civil War Begins: As the secession crisis loomed, Morgan initially hoped that conflict could be avoided. In 1861, Morgan elected to support the Southern cause and flew a rebel flag over his factory. When his wife died on July 21 after suffering from several health problems, including septic thrombophlebitis, he decided to take an active role in the coming conflict. As Kentucky remained neutral, Morgan and his company slipped across the border to Camp Boone in Tennessee. Joining the Confederate Army, Morgan soon formed the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry with himself as colonel. Serving in the Army of Tennessee, the regiment saw action at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862. Developing a reputation as an aggressive commander, Morgan led several successful raids against Union forces. On July 4, 1862, he departed Knoxville, TN with 900 men and swept through Kentucky capturing 1,200 prisoners and wreaking havoc in the Union rear. Likened to American Revolution hero Francis Marion, it was hoped that Morgans performance would help sway Kentucky into the Confederate fold. The success of the raid led General Braxton Bragg to invade the state that fall. Following the invasions failure, the Confederates fell back to Tennessee. On December 11, Morgan was promoted to brigadier general. The next day he married Martha Ready, the daughter of Tennessee Congressman Charles Ready. Later that month, Morgan rode into Kentucky with 4,000 men. Moving north, they disrupted the Louisville Nashville Railroad and defeated a Union force at Elizabethtown. Returning south, Morgan was greeted as a hero. That June, Bragg gave Morgan permission for another raid into Kentucky with the goal of distracting the Union Army of the Cumberland from the upcoming campaign. John Hunt Morgan - The Great Raid: Concerned that Morgan might become too aggressive, Bragg strictly forbade him to cross the Ohio River into Indiana or Ohio. Departing Sparta, TN on June 11, 1863, Morgan rode with a select force of 2,462 cavalry and a battery of light artillery. Moving north through Kentucky, they won several small battles against Union forces. In early July, Morgans men captured two steamboats at Brandenburg, KY. Against orders, he began transporting his men across the Ohio River, landing near Maukport, IN. Moving inland, Morgan raided across southern Indiana and Ohio, causing a panic among the local residents. Alerted to Morgans presence, the commander of the Department of the Ohio, Major General Ambrose Burnside began shifting troops to meet the threat. Deciding to return to Tennessee, Morgan headed for the ford at Buffington Island, OH. Anticipating this move, Burnside rushed troops to the ford. In the resulting battle, Union forces captured 750 of Morgans men and prevented him from crossing. Moving north along the river, Morgan was repeated blocked from crossing with his entire command. After a brief fight at Hockingport, he turned inland with approximately 400 men. Relentlessly pursued by Union forces, Morgan was defeated and captured on July 26 after the Battle of Salinesville. While his men were shipped to the Camp Douglas prison camp in Illinois, Morgan and his officers were taken to the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, OH. After several weeks of incarceration, Morgan, along with six of his officers managed to tunnel out of the prison and escaped on November 27. Proceeding south to Cincinnati, they managed to cross the river into Kentucky where Southern sympathizers aided them in reaching Confederate lines. John Hunt Morgan - Later Career: Though his return was lauded by the Southern press, he was not received with open arms by his superiors. Angry that he had violated his orders to remain south of the Ohio, Bragg never fully trusted him again. Placed in command of Confederate forces in eastern Tennessee and southwest Virginia, Morgan attempted to rebuild the raiding force that he had lost during his Great Raid. In the summer of 1864, Morgan was accused of robbing a bank in Mt. Sterling, KY. While some his men were involved, there is no evidence to suggest that Morgan played a role. While working to clear his name, Morgan and his men encamped at Greeneville, TN. On the morning of September 4, Union troops attacked the town. Taken by surprise, Morgan was shot and killed while attempting to escape from the attackers. After his death, Morgans body was returned to Kentucky where he was buried in Lexington Cemetery.

Author Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid

Author Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid Authors Beware: Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid Becoming a published author is a fantasy shared by almost all writers. And as with almost any widely-shared ambition, there are also folks out there looking to make a quick buck by exploiting those dreams - whether they involve securing a book deal or going the indie publishing route.The publishing world has its fair share of scammers and disreputable companies. At Reedsy, we regularly hear from authors who, despite being well-informed and educated people, have fallen prey to these scammers. In this post, we’ll take a closer look at common writers scams and show you how to identify the publishing companies to avoid on your journey to publication.If you are wondering about the legitimacy of a certain company, leave us a comment below or drop us a line at service@reedsy.com.  We'll get back to you right away. Authors beware! Do you know the most common publishing scams? Vanity Pressesâ€Å"Oh, my! There’s a publisher who wants to release my book!†Not all publishers are created equal. For every Random House, there is some guy in a random house, convincing authors that they hold the key to publishing success. But before you sign on the dotted line, stop for a second and ask yourself and look at what they’re offering. What is a vanity press and why are they bad? Most reputable publishers share the same business model: the publisher acquires the rights to publish and distribute the book by paying the author an advance. The publisher will then cover the costs of editorial, design, and marketing. Once the book is published, the author will receive a royalty of every copy sold (after the author’s total royalties have covered the advance).

Master Dissertation Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Master Dissertation Proposal - Essay Example (Jablonski, 1991) This dissertation proposal is about implementation of a TQM structure through information technology. The industry I have decided to choose for this particular proposal is customer service centers/call centers. Call centers are part of the business where workers answer queries of customer regarding products, services, customer service, etc. nowadays these call centers are outsourced to different organizations and in many cases they are located in different countries to save organization costs. (Bateman et al., 1999) Developed countries have seen rise of call centers outsourcing to other organizations and other countries in the past decade. However there are still loads of issues that the call centers need to overcome in terms of quality of service. (Batt and Moynihan, 2002) A lot of research has been carried out on implementation of TQM in the service industry, however little emphasis has been on use of IT in implementation of TQM. Research has confirmed that implementation of TQM and effective use of IT is far from execution in the service delivery sector. (Yasin et al., 2004) The aim of this research is to identify quality issues in call centers delivery of service and also to recommend a total quality management structure though information technology. The call centers are run and they deliver services which are very much based on IT. However little has been done to bring improvements in the structure. (Au and Choi, 1999) The IT structure is scattered and knowledge sharing is an issue in the industry. (Davenport, 1993) The above mentioned problems come from general perception and experience that customers have from call centers. The aim of this research is two sided; it will focus on both customers and staff of call centers to identify the real problems. The objective is to come up with problems that exist on both sides and then suggest a total quality

Earned Value Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earned Value Management - Essay Example One of them is Earned Value Management (EVM). First, we shall attempt to understand the basics of EVM. EVM is one of the pivotal links in the chain of costs control (Stratton, 24). EVM is vitally important and useful because it is linked with other component of costs control such as – Earned Value Management is associated with every other tools and techniques. It helps in forecasting and preparing to-complete performance index. We get earned value data through performance reviews. We use earned value management to calculate variance analysis. Project management software helps us in obtaining earned value data. Until now it has been established that EVM helps in achieving a lot of clarity on the direction and efficiency of a project. Now we shall go into the whole process of deriving certain ratios that help us in achieving the above mentioned objective. The above data gives us three different values if the project is even slightly off-track in terms of cost and its schedule. After knowing the above values, the next step is to find out various ratios which shall help in the understanding of cost control. These ratios are – Positive Schedule Variance means that the project is behind on time and a –ve CV means that it is costing the company more. Similarly lesser than 1 value of SPI means that less amount of work is accomplished than planned (Song, 50). All these ratios assist in the forecasting for the project. For example, TCPI shows how efficient you have to be in the rest of the project in order to complete within budget. This is the real objective of EVM and it is has become widely popular. Until now the ratios have been derived but they have not been explained in sufficient detail. It is for this purpose that we shall take an example with very simple figures so that the whole concept is grasped properly. If we assume that the budget for out project is 10 million dollars and the

Guide for Ema Essay Example for Free

Guide for Ema Essay Guidance notes The three texts below provide information about the business environment for the Facebook company in May 2012. For this task, imagine you work for Facebook, and you have been tasked with carrying out a SWOT analysis on the company to determine whether this is the right time for the company to grow. Your job is to write a SWOT analysis and a report based on this analysis. You are writing this analysis and report for the senior management team. Your analysis should provide the team with a complete overview of the situation and should end with suggestions for what the company should do based on your analysis. This task requires you to demonstrate your skill in selecting and organising information to produce a company analysis. You should include a SWOT table or grid in your analysis and organise the document according to the SWOT framework. You should focus on the interaction between the Facebook’s internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) on the one hand, and its external environment (opportunities and threats) on the other. Your SWOT analysis should form the basis of the suggestions you make about the company’s future actions. To accomplish this task you will need to draw on the case study analysis skills covered in Book 1 of the module and the report-writing skills covered in Book 3. Remember to use the referencing conventions that have been taught in the module when you refer to the sources of information that you use. You may benefit from writing one or more drafts before you produce a final version of your report. The Influential Document Checklist will be a useful reference in this process (see the Appendix to Book 3). Your answer for Task 2 should be about 1000 words in length. Please note that all tables and diagrams included count towards your word limit. Your reference list does not count, however. Text 1 Facebook (Facebook IPO, May 2012) Facebook is the world’s largest social network, with 845 million active users around the world, and roughly 200 million in the United States, or two-thirds of the population. Created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg in his dorm room at Harvard, Facebook grew from being a quirky site for college students into a popular platform that is used to sell cars and movies, win over  voters in presidential elections and organize protest movements. It offers advertisers a global platform, with the exception of China, where Facebook does not operate. Facebook took its first step toward becoming a publicly traded company in February 2012, when it filed to sell shares on the stock market. The service is on track to be the largest Internet initial public offering ever — trumping Google’s in 2004 or Netscape’s nearly a decade before that. In its filing, Facebook said it was seeking to raise $5 billion. On May 3, Facebook set the estimated price for its I.P.O. at $28 to $35 a share, according to a revised prospectus. At the midpoint of the range, the social networking company is on track to raise $10.6 billion, in a debut that could value the company at $86 billion. Investors have been eagerly awaiting the Facebook offering, lured by the prospect of strong growth: in the first quarter, Facebook’s daily active users, a measure of engagement, increased by 41 per cent, to 526 million. Still, Facebook is experiencing the growing pains typical of a technology start-up. While revenue continues to rise, profit sputtered in the first three months of the year, falling 12 per cent, to $205 million, as expenses jumped significantly. Seeking to Offer More Disclosure to Users Facebook, unlike any other site, has come to define the social era of the Web. More than a portal, its value lies in its dynamic network of social connections and the massive amount of information shared by its users. Facebook, in many ways, is a data processor, archiving and analyzing every shred of information, from our interests, to our locations, to every article and link that we like. The collection of data is a potential goldmine for advertisers. On the other hand, all that information raises questions about Facebook’s privacy practices. Over the years it has faced intense scrutiny from privacy advocates and regulators worldwide over how it handles the data it collects from its 845 million users. As it prepares to go public, it has been seeking to offer more disclosure to users. In April 2012, it announced it was expanding its downloadable archive feature, called Download Your Information, to provide greater transparency on the types of data on individuals that the compa ny stores. More Advertising, More Dollars Facebook’s hundreds of millions of users could soon be faced with a lot more  advertising — in their newsfeed, on their mobile devices and even when they log off. In early March 2012, the company announced a new suite of advertising products intended to insert more ads into Facebook’s traditionally clean interface and to take more advantage of mobile ads, where the company has struggled. The announcement was made at the company’s first marketing conference, held at the American Museum of Natural History in Manhattan. For users, the announcement could mean many more ads on Facebook. For advertisers, the effort offers a chance to reach more users in more places. Despite aggressively courting Madison Avenue for the last few years, Facebook has been an anomaly in the world of digital advertising. The ad units offered less creative options for advertisers who want to, say, take over the site’s home page or add moving text to an ad. Rather, the value in Facebook’s ads was in their data and personalization. The potential for more ad dollars was reflected in the company’s first filing for a public offering in February. At the time, analysts said the company was expected to be valued at $75 billion to $100 billion. But according to the filing, Facebook made only $3.7 billion in revenue last year, the bulk of that from advertising. Until now, advertisers were largely limited to a variety of ad spaces that were positioned on the right side of the Facebook home page, in addition to creating their own Facebook pages. The company said a new set of premium ads will run at different points in the site, with a special emphasis on ads running throughout a user’s mobile feed. Facebook’s Biggest Stumbling Block: Privacy Practices Facebook’s biggest stumbling block has been its privacy practices. As the world’s largest social network, Facebook has been under intense scrutiny from consumers, courts and regulators worldwide over how it handles the data it collects from its 845 million users. But as a company preparing to go public, it is under pressure to find new ways to turn that data into profit. The company has repeatedly alienated users over privacy — as in the case of the 2007 controversy over Beacon, a tool that automatically posted on Facebook what its users did or bought on other sites. It has also faced lawsuits over the use of its members’ like endorsements in ads and drawn scrutiny for a facial recognition feature. The scrutiny is at its most intense in Europe, where Facebook’s data collection practices have tested  the boundaries of stringent privacy laws. In the United States, Facebook faces government audits for the next 20 years about how it collects and share s data, along with an assortment of lawsuits that accuse the company of tracking users across the Web. In November 2011, the company announced a settlement agreement with the Federal Trade Commission, which accused Facebook of having deceived its customers about privacy settings. After the F.T.C. order, Mark Zuckerberg conceded in a blog post that the company had made a bunch of mistakes, but he said it had already fixed several of the issues cited by the commission. In August 2011, Facebook made changes that it said were aimed at helping users get a grip on what they shared. When users added pictures, comments or other content to their profile pages, they could specify who could see it: all of their Facebook friends, a specific group of friends or everyone who has access to the Internet. Revamping Its Profile Design In December 2011, Facebook rolled out a revamped profile design called Timeline, which makes a user’s entire history of photos, links and other things shared on the site much more accessible with a single click. That could be when many of Facebook’s 800 million members realized just how many digital breadcrumbs they had been leaving on the site — and on the Web in general. The old Facebook profile page showed the most recent items a user posted, along with things like photos of them posted by others. But Timeline creates a scrapbook-like montage, assembling photos, links and updates for each month and year since they signed up for Facebook. For better or worse, the new format is likely to bring back old memories. Going forward, it could also make it harder to shed past identities — something that people growing up with Facebook might struggle with as they transition from high school to college, and from there to the working world. Analysts said Timeline was a significant evolutionary shift for Facebook. For starters, linking Facebook more closely to memories could make it harder for people to abandon the service for rivals. Buying Instagram for $1 Billion In early April 2012, Facebook said it had agreed to buy Instagram, the popular mobile-centric photo-sharing service, for $1 billion in cash and stock, giving it a stronger foothold in the market for mobile apps. It would  be Facebook’s largest acquisition to date by far. Instagram is a social network built around cellphone photos. It lets people add quirky filters and effects to their snapshots and share them with friends, who can like and comment on them. The service has been something of a rising star in the start-up world. Barely two years old, it has attracted close to 30 million users, even though it worked only on iPhones until early April, when it released an Android version of its app. Text 2 Facebook Cites Google+ With Mobile Shift Among Potential Risks By Brian Womack on February 08, 2012 Feb. 2 (Bloomberg) – Facebook Inc., the social network that filed for an initial public offering yesterday, listed rivalry with Google Inc., regulatory scrutiny, hacker attacks and the shift to mobile technology among the risks it faces. Facebook’s competition with Google, Twitter Inc. and other social-networking providers could impede growth, the company said in the risk-factors section of its filing. Facebook also said it would face competition in China if it manages to gain access to that market, where it’s currently restricted. Certain competitors, including Google, could use strong or dominant positions in one or more markets to gain competitive advantage against us in areas where we operate, Facebook said. Their tactics may include integrating competing social-networking platforms or features into products they control, the company said. Facebook, the world’s biggest social-networking service, has attracted more rivals as its popularity among users a nd advertisers soars. The company said it faces significant competition in almost every aspect of its business. The company also cited concerns about its mobile strategy. Almost all of its revenue comes from ads delivered to computers, not phones and tablets. Facebook’s mobile software currently generates no meaningful revenue, the Menlo Park, California-based company said. Facebook further cautioned that key mobile devices, such as Apple Inc.’s iOS products and gadgets running Google’s Android software, may not feature Facebook in the future. If either of these companies gives preference to another social network – say, if Google promotes its own Google+ more aggressively – Facebook’s growth could be jeopardized. Unforeseen Threats Bigger pitfalls could yet emerge, said Kevin Landis, the portfolio manager for the Firsthand Technology Value Fund, which holds Facebook shares. Google, for instance, couldn’t have foreseen the emergence of Facebook in 2004, when it went public. Let me put it this way: If you go back to Google’s S-1 in their risk factors, there’s no mention of Facebook, Landis said. Facebook was founded in 2004. Facebook also has considered entering China, which would bring its own challenges. The country has censorship laws that have kept Facebook and other social-media companies, including Twitter Inc. and Google’s YouTube, from operating there. We continue to evaluate entering China, Facebook said. China is a large potential market for Facebook, but users are generally restricted from accessing Facebook from China. We do not know if we will be able to find an approach to managing content and information that will be acceptable to us and to the Chinese government. Depend ent on Zynga Another risk: Facebook relies on Zynga Inc. for 12 percent of its revenue, according to the filing. San Francisco-based Zynga is the biggest developer of Facebook games, including CityVille and Texas HoldEm. The revenue comes from Zynga’s sales of virtual goods and from direct advertising purchased by Zynga. In addition, Zynga produces a significant number of pages on which Facebook displays ads. The dependence goes both ways. Zynga gets more than 90 per cent of its revenue from the social network. If we are unable to successfully maintain this relationship, our financial results could be harmed, Facebook said of Zynga. Facebook also said it faces pressure from governmental bodies. It’s possible that a regulatory inquiry might lead to changes to policies or practices, the company said. Regulatory Constraints Violation of existing or future regulatory orders or consent decrees could subject us to substantial monetary fines and other penalties that could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations, according to the filing. Text 3 As Privacy Concerns Grow, More Social Media Users Are Unfriending FEBRUARY 24, 2012 AT 7:00 AM PT by Lauren Goode As concerns about online privacy grow, users of social media sites are increasingly looking to unfriend other users and prune their personal profiles, according to a new report out today from Pew Research Center. More than 60 per cent of social media users said last year that they deleted people from their friends lists, up from 56 per cent in 2009; and 26 per cent of users who keep their profiles private say they apply additional privacy settings to limit what some friends can see. Profile pruning – deleting comments friends leave and untagging photos – is also on the rise, the report says. Women are significantly more likely to keep their profiles private, and are more likely to unfriend people than men are, with 67 per cent of women saying they’ve removed friends, compared with 58 per cent of men. Young people are more likely to manage their social media presences by deleting comments and untagging photos. The report comes just as the White House has moved to create a privacy bill of rights aimed at governing online data tracking. One of the issues at hand is a do not track tool which Web companies like Google have just agreed to support. Last week, Google was reported to be using deceptive practices to track Web users in certain browsers. As The Wall Street Journal notes, though, a do not track button would allow for some Web data collection – such as the data gathered through Facebook’s Like button. Pew is careful not to point to Facebook directly throughout the report, but notes that Facebook is by far the most popular U.S. social network (in its recent S-1 filing, Facebook showed that its user base has ballooned to more than 845 million). Pew’s report says that the term privacy settings – as well as unfriend – is part and parcel of the Facebook experience. The Pew survey on Internet usages was conducted between April and May of last year, and sampled more than 2,200 U.S. adults 18 and older. The survey found that two-thirds of U.S. Internet users had profiles on social networking sites, up from just 20 per cent in 2006. In terms of who was more likely to post things on social networks that they later admitted they regretted, males were almost twice as likely to do so, with 15 per cent copping to it, than were females, at 8 per cent. Young adults, age 18 to 29, were also more likely to post content that they’d later regret on social networks. Part 3 Task Write a reflective piece on your experience of participating on this module. Consider the questions that follow to guide you with your writing. * What was your overall experience of studying on LB160? * What were the most useful skills you learned on this module? Why? * If you engaged with the online activities on the module, what was your experience of using the Tutor Group Forum (TGF)? What were the strengths and weaknesses of the TGF you participated in? How would you evaluate the process of working collaboratively with other students? What did you learn from them? What skills did you develop through your online participation? * If you did not participate in the online activities, how did you find working on your own on the module? Do you think you would have benefited if you had been able to participate online? How? * Guidance notes * Your reflective piece should not be written in a question and answer format but as continuous text. Be sure to use examples as evidence to support your claims. * For this task we advise you to organise your text as Problem–Solution. Here, Problem implies a ‘gap’ in someone’s skills. You need to demonstrate in your text how such a ‘gap’ (if any) was addressed by LB160. You may also like to see your reflective piece as Claim–Evidence because generally you make a claim that certain skills were improved by presenting some evidence. If you like, you may want to use sub-headings too but they are not essential. * It is important to be honest in your evaluation. Negative experiences of the module are as valid as positive ones and you will not be penalised for reporting negative experiences. For the same reason, you will be assessed on the way you reflect on your learning, not on whether or not you were involved in the online activities. So feel free to use this opportunity to feed back to the module team on what the module experience was like for you. * Your reflective piece for Task 3 should be about 500 words in length.

Statement of Cash Flows Essay -- essays research papers

Statement of Cash Flows Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Statement of Cash flows is a very useful financial statement that can benefit investors, managers and even auditors. The statement of cash flows has not been around as long as the other financial statements such as the balance sheet or income statement. It basically â€Å"illustrates the way accounting evolves to meet the requirements of users of financial statements.† (Marshall, 2003) The statement of cash flows is designed to provide important information about the cash that a company has received or has paid out during a certain time period. It provides a reason for the changes of cash received and paid by a company by taking into account all financing, investing and operating activi...

Why Immigration Is a Controversial Issue in Uk

â€Å"It was once believed that when you were born, you were a blank state and could be taught to learn different things in a variety of way† (Gardner, H. Personal Learning Solution 2012) In this essay I will be talking about the importance of study skills for higher education. I will be identifying the different skills that are used both personal and professional and also providing some evidence towards my findings. The main skills I will be touching on will be people skills, reflective and creative skills, writing skills and also time management.I will be exploring how these skills have an importance in the higher education and viewing their similarity and differences between them. Study skills are the strategies and the different approaches used in learning to develop better understanding and knowledge for a life time. It is an essential piece of material that is needed for better grades in an exam, assignment etc and tackles problems such as bad organization, time manageme nt or writing skills which are useful for a life time.There are many different study skills that can be used in higher education in order to gain a successful qualification for a successful job application. It is important indentify your own personal learning style and develop on all the important study skills that helps with your learning. The reason for this is because it helps you remember and learn more and new information. It also allows you to do well in your essays/assignments and exams you are undertaking.Once your learning style has been identified and used, it will provide you with the opportunity to move up a level. There are different styles such as: The Diver: like to get on with it and get it out of the way The Dreamer: like to think a lot and research thoroughly The Logician: like things to make sense and reasons The Searchlight: like to see the bigger picture and find everything interesting (Cottrell, S. 2008. Third Edition. Pg59-60) The Dearing Report (1997) states that â€Å"the key to future success of graduates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ommunication skills, numeracy, use of ICT, learning how to learn† (heacademy. ac. uk) This report gives a clear understanding of the main skills need for a successful future. On the other hands in the theory of Gardner’s, H (1983), he believes that everyone should be able to find 8 different areas to help with their learning, which may identify what they prefer (Gardner, H. Personal Learning Solution 2012). The first skill I will talk about is People Skills.This skill has a combination of inter-personal skill, which means the ability to work well with others in a team/group, and also intra-personal skills, which means the ability to manage your own attitudes and emotions within the environment (Cottrell, S. 2003. Pg 115). A people skill involves being able to communicate well with others and adapting to others within the team and interacting well amongst others. This skill can be turned into academi c skills by making connections with groups in class, listening well to others allowing everyone to talk, being assertive without demonstrating any form of anger etc.This is one important skill that is needed for higher education which can be developed further for a successful job in the future. My second skill I will talk about is reflective and creative skills. This is a thinking process that can put you in deep thoughts aiming to gain a better understanding. It allows you to make sense of what your putting together, go over what you have, make any judgements and changes needed and also weighing up what you have to get better balance which includes taking different things into account.In the book of The Science Good Study Guide, it states that â€Å"it is important that you take a systematic, analytical, strategic, and reflective approach to managing yourself and your studies† (Northedge, A et al, 1997, pg 16). Creativity plays a big role in study skill because; you need to identify what strategies are suitable for you in learning. With this you can be as creative as you can to help you in the process. The third skill is writing skills. This skill can also be combined with organisation as you will need to learn how to organise your essays and assignments e. . introduction, main body and conclusion/evaluation. Writing is another form of communication. In higher education, when writing an essay/assignment, you are communicating what you know and understand of what you have learnt in class. This is why writing skills is very important so you know what you’re writing is clear for the reader. However as Cottrell (2008) stated that writing a good assignment is a hard and challenging process but is a very rewarding aspect of your studying.Your writing skill is something that can always be developed as you grow (The Study Skills Handbook. 2008. Pg167) The last skill I will talk about is time management. This is one of the most essential skill needed, no t only for higher education but also for every other thing in life e. g. job, appointments, lectures, meetings etc. you need to know how long it requires for you to do something. Time is special because you cannot change time. I believe everyone has the same exact time on their hands; it depends on how it’s being used by the individual.Most students like myself will complain and say there is not enough time for their work, however what I have come to learn is that if time is managed widely it helps a lot with what you need to do or what you desire to do. In higher education, when time is managed well, it helps set your priorities straight, become more conscious with your decisions and also learn how to become more productive each day. In conclusion, I have come to read and understand how important study skills are in higher education. The first thing is to identify what type of learner you are and focus on the most important study skills.I have come across some understanding that if you lack in your study skills, there is a low chance of gaining good grades meaning less chance of a successful job application. As stated in the Dearing report (1997) the four main skills needed for success in the future and also Howard Gardner’s theory explaining how creative you should be in different ways of learning such as finding 8 different areas to learn that may help with your learning. I believe that we learn something new every day giving us the opportunity to move up a level of intelligence.

Why Could Be Considered a Turning Point in Lord of the Flies

Filippo Denti! 07/04/2009 Explain why Chapter 4 could be considered a turning point in Lord of the Flies Chapter 4 can be considered a turning point in the book since it shows many different aspects of the book which weren't covered yet. It starts showing the savageness of the children and the loss of civilisation and order. it also shows that with all this anarchy the children still have order in their souls whom they can not expel. the chapter also tells us how people ignore commands and follow a person just because they are afraid of him. Chapter one ? ts perfectly well in the beginning of the book.The chapter gives us a clear vision of what has happened before the beginning of the book; the plane crash, the atomic bomb; the island and the war. It shows it when Ralph, then known as the boy with fair hair says that; â€Å"This is an island. At least I think it’s an island. There is a reef out in the sea. Perhaps there aren’t any grownups anywhere. † we ? nd out it’s a plane crash when Piggy says â€Å"There was that pilot. But he wasn’t in the passenger tube, he was in the cabin in front†. As the book goes on Ralph and Piggy ? nd all of the other boys on the island and the choir, with its boss Jack.Thanks to Ralph the children are united under a shell, the Conch, this precious shell is the symbol of legacy, order and respect. The children join together thanks to the Conch, since Ralph blew in it and it made a very high sound which was heard by everybody. When all of the children were gathered a leader was elected and that http://listverse. com/wp-content/ leader was Ralph, partly because he was the biggest and partly uploads/ 2007/08/6a00d41432c15a685e because he was handsome. The most important event in these 00d41436fd406a47-500pi. jpg chapters, in my opinion, is the ? re. The ? e was created so that the ships and airplanes that passed could see the smoke and notice them. The idea of the ? re is great but you should never joke with ? re and the result of their ? re was that part of the island was burned and a poor child got killed. Out of this mess Piggy is showing up as being the most intelligent and intuitive of the group. Chapter four starts off with a description of Jack painting his face. This is very important because it shows the changement of Jack into a beast. He is painting his face to be scarier and, in his thinking to appear as a warrior. This comes from ! 1 Filippo Denti! 07/04/2009 ncient African tribes who used to paint their faces to scare the prey. This is a very important symbolical event, it starts showing the transformation of the boys, from civilised to savages. The intent of jack is to scare, scare like a savage the wild beasts, the new people of their new world, beasts who have no laws and do what they want when they want it. This is shown when Jack is convincing Bill to leave the ? re: â€Å"The rest are making a line. Come on! † â€Å"But- -we-† â€Å"Co me on! I’ll creep up and stab-†. This is why the ? re went out while they were hunting. He is forcing people whom are following a set of rules to go savage and kill boars.This is the moving into the wild. Bill is afraid of what the others would think if he didn’t join, they would have thought that he was a person who was afraid of breaking the rules. This is bringing people into the wild. Jack paints his face showing that he is a warrior. A warrior is a person who isn’t afraid of dying and killing. A savage person, who utilises weapons to kill for food. This is the job of the choir and of Jack. They tried to hunt before but with no success since Jack didn’t manage to kill the pig but he promised himself that the next time he will kill it. â€Å"you didn’t kill. â€Å"But I shall! Next time! I’ve got to get a barb on this spear! We wounded a pig and the spear fell out. If we could only make barbs-† Jack is accusing the spear for him not killing a pig but even if it had a barb he didn’t have the guts of killing it. No we see him all http://img101. imageshack. us/img101/8682/ painted in the face willing to kill and involving many lotf2xd6. jpg different people in the hunt, not only the warriors but also the ones of the ? re. This time Jack is willing to kill, â€Å"I’ll creep up and stab† Roger and Maurice, in this chapter, have changed immensely, they, at ? st, destroyed the sand castles in the Littluns play area. Roger was ? rst and came marching in kicking the castles down while going to swim after ? nishing their ? re duty. Roger led the way destroying castles, burying ? owers and Maurice joined after; â€Å"Roger and Maurice came out of the forest. They were relieved from the ? re and had come down for a swim. Roger led the way straight through the castles, kicking them over, burying the ? owers, scattering the chosen stones. Maurice followed, laughing, and then added to the destru ction. †. These two boys are taking advantage that they are bigger and start to bully the Littluns.Roger, after destroying the castles, throws stones to Henry. He throws them without hitting him, as though there was a shield around him. This is because he is turning savage but at an extent, there is still a little piece of civilisation and humanity in their souls. This piece of humanity can not be expelled since it is engraved in their souls. Maurice went away because he had problems before and so he left Ralph; â€Å"†¦ Maurice hurried away. In his other life Maurice had received chastisement for ? lling a younger eye with sand. †. This shows that they haven’t quit with the old habits. ! 2 Filippo Denti! 7/04/2009 When Jack kills the pig the ? re goes out. The ? re is the symbol of hope and rescue, a rescue who could have been near with the ship’s sight. On the other hand the pig represents savageness and the wild. The fact that when the pig dyes the ? re goes out is that savageness covers hope. The children have become savages and went to kill the pig ignoring their only hope signal, the ? re. It’s like a peace ? ame which goes out when a war starts, these two things are opposite and can not cope with each other. The same is in the book, Mr. Golding wants to show that when savageness over? ws through people there is no more order, the order that ruled with Ralph. Ralph ordered that the ? re should never run out, but when Jack decided to go hunting every one went, becoming savages, pigs enemies. The only to be still obedient are Piggy, Simon, Maurice and Ralph, all the rest went hunting, ignoring the orders given. We can se the difference when the hunters come back chanting savage songs: â€Å"Kill the pig. http://www. globalnerdy. com/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2008/10/lord_of_the_? ies. jpg Cut her throat. Spill her blood† and when Jack says laughing: â€Å"There was lashings of blood, you should have seen it! . All of the hunters are laughing and singing while the others are still. Ralph continues to say: â€Å"You let the ? re out. †. Only at the end the hunters realise that they could have been rescued and jack apologises: â€Å"I’m sorry about the ? re, I mean. There. I – I apologise. †. Jack has restarted treating Piggy badly, but this time it’s not only the verbal but this time also violence. He, at ? rst, hits Piggy in the stomach and then when he is lying on the ? oor he slaps him making his glasses ? y and break. â€Å"He took a step, and able at last to hit someone, stuck ifs ? t into Piggy’s stomach Piggy sat down with a grunt. Jack stood over him. His voice was vicious with humiliation. †. This shows that he was showing off what he could do, in fact Ralph repeatedly tells him: â€Å"That was a dirty trick. †. Simon is the only one who helps Piggy, he gets his glasses before anyone does something to them. He seems to have changed side, no more Jack Meridew but Ralph and Piggy. Although he seems so mite he continuously disappears into the forest to secret places: â€Å"I painted my face- I stole up. Now you eat- all of you- and I-†. This creates a long silence while he goes in the forest.At the end we see the children eating the meat half raw, this means that they now, not only act but eat as savages, with the food half cooked. This is typical of animals to eat raw ? esh, not of civilised children. The beginning shows the rhythms of the island, the dawn, the dusk, the cool moments and the way the children have adapted themselves. At the end it shows that the children have lost their civilisation. At the beginning we focus only on Jack and the scene is calm, at the end it’s a chaos between the pig and the ? re. Golding shows us the how sudden the changes are. As I red through the chapter I could ! 3 Filippo Denti!

Direct Question Definition and Examples in English

Direct Question Definition and Examples in English A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark, such as Who are you? and Why are you here? Contrast with indirect question. A direct question, says Thomas S. Kane, is always marked by one or some combination of three signals: a rising intonation of the voice, an auxiliary verb inverted to a position before the subject, or an interrogative pronoun or adverb (who, what, why, when, how, and so on) (The New Oxford Guide to Writing, 1988). Examples and Observations Then our mother came inAnd she said to us two,Did you have any fun?Tell me. What did you do?(Dr. Seuss, The Cat in the Hat. Random House, 1957)Wheres Papa going with that ax? said Fern to her mother as they were setting the table for breakfast.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952)Whats in the box?(Brad Pitt as Detective David Mills in Seven, 1995)Whos on first?(Lou Costello addressing Bud Abbot in a famous comedy routine)Open your eyes, and look within.Are you satisfied with the life youre living?(Bob Marley, Exodus. Exodus, 1977)Didnt Frankenstein get married?Did he? said Eggy. I dont know. I never met him. Harrow man, I expect.(P.G. Wodehouse, Laughing Gas, 1936)When I was crossing the border into Canada, they asked if I had any firearms with me. I said, Well, what do you need?(Comedian Steven Wright)Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?(Lewis Carroll,Alices Adventures in Wonderland, 1865)Mother of mercy, is this the end of Rico?(Edward G. Robinson as C aesar Enrico Bandello in Little Caesar, 1931) Are you a good witch or a bad witch?(Billie Burke as Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, addressing Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, 1939)What you doing sitting here by yourself, Marguerite? She didnt accuse, she asked for information. I said that I was watching the sky.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) Three Main Types of Direct Questions Questions are sentences which seek information. They fall into three main types, depending on the kind of reply they expect, and on how they are constructed. Sentences formed in these ways are said to have an interrogative structure.​CautionA questioning tone of voice can turn a statement into a yes-no question. Such questions have the structure of a declarative sentence. The tone of voice has become particularly common, especially among young people, in recent decades. Marys outside?Youve spoken to her? (David Crystal, Rediscover Grammar. Pearson, 2003)Â   Yes-no questions allow an affirmative or negative reply, often just yes or no. The subject follows a verb (the auxiliary). Will Michael resign?Are they ready?Wh- questions allow a reply from a wide range of possibilities. They begin with a question word, such as what, why, where, or how. Where are you going?Why didnt he answer?Alternative questions require a reply which relates to the options given in the sentence. They always contain the connecting word or. Will you travel by train or by boat? The Lighter Side of Direct Questions I think of the story of a woman who was making a cross-country trip on a train. Something went wrong with the cars heating system and before long the passenger was suffering desperately from extreme cold in her upper berth. Finally, maddened with discomfort, she leaned over and spoke to the male passenger who was occupying the lower berth.Excuse me, she said, but are you as cold as I am?Im colder, he said, somethings wrong with this damn train.Well, the woman said, would you mind getting me an extra blanket?Suddenly the man got an odd look in his eye and said, You know, since were both miserably cold, let me ask you a direct question. Would you like to pretend that were married?Well, actually, the woman said, yes, I would.Good, the fellow said, then get up and get it yourself.(Steve Allen, Steve Allens Private Joke File. Three Rivers Press, 2000) Also Known As: interrogative sentence

How to Sing Silent Night in Spanish

How to Sing Silent Night in Spanish Here are most commonly used Spanish lyrics for Silent Night, one of the worlds most popular Christmas carols. Dive into the grammar and vocabulary of the song in the sections following. This song was originally written in German by Joseph Mohr. Noche de paz Noche de paz, noche de amor,Todo duerme en derredor.Entre sus astros que esparcen su luzBella anunciando al nià ±ito Jesà ºs.Brilla la estrella de paz,Brilla la estrella de paz. Noche de paz, noche de amor,Todo duerme en derredor.Sà ³lo velan en la oscuridadLos pastores que en el campo estnY la estrella de Belà ©n,Y la estrella de Belà ©n. Noche de paz, noche de amor,Todo duerme en derredor.Sobre el santo nià ±o Jesà ºsUna estrella esparce su luz,Brilla sobre el Rey,Brilla sobre el Rey. Noche de paz, noche de amor,Todo duerme en derredor;Fieles velando allà ­ en Belà ©nLos pastores, la madre tambià ©n,Y la estrella de paz,Y la estrella de paz. English Translation of Spanish Lyrics Night of peace, night of love.All sleep in the outskirts of the town.Among the stars that spread their beautiful lightannouncing the baby Jesus,the star of peace shines,the star of peace shines. Night of peace, night of love.All sleep in the outskirts of the town.The only ones keeping watch in the darknessare the shepherds in the field.and the star of Bethlehem,and the star of Bethlehem. Night of peace, night of love.All sleep in the outskirts of the town.Above the holy baby Jesusa star spreads its light.It shines over the King,it shines over the King. Night of peace, night of love.All sleep in the outskirts of the town.The faithful are keeping watch there in Bethlehem,the shepherds, the mother too,and the star of peace,and the star of peace. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes De: Note how the phrase noche de paz, literally meaning night of peace is used here, while in English we might say peaceful night. It is very common in Spanish to use de in situations where of would be cumbersome in English. Todo duerme: This phrase can be translated as all sleep or everyone sleeps. Note that todo is treated as a collective noun here, taking a singular verb, much like the singular word gente is treated as a singular word even though it has the plural meaning of people. Derredor: You wont find this word listed except in larger dictionaries. In this context, it refers to the outskirts of an area, or the area surrounding something else. Esparcen: The verb esparcir generally means to spread or to scatter. Bella: This is the feminine form of bello, meaning beautiful. It modifies luz, which is on the previous line. One clue that bella refers to luz is that both it and luz are feminine. Anunciando: This is the gerund or present participle of anunciar, meaning to announce. In the English translation, we probably see announcing taking the role of an adjective modifying light. But in standard Spanish, gerunds act like adverbs, so anunciando points back to the previous verb, esparcen. However, in poetry  it isnt unusual for gerunds to take an adjectival role, as velando does in the final stanza. Brilla: Brilla is a conjugated form of the verb brillar, which means to shine. The subject of that verb here is estrella (star). Although in this case the subject comes after the verb for mostly poetic reasons, it isnt unusual in Spanish to use a verb-subject word order. Velan: The verb velar isnt particularly common. Its meanings include staying awake and taking care of someone or something. Oscuridad: Oscuridad can refer to the quality of being obscure, but it more often refers simply to darkness. Pastores: A pastor in this context isnt a pastor, but a shepherd (although the word may also refer to a minister). In both English and Spanish, the word originally means shepherd, but its meaning was broadened to include people who were appointed to watch over a flock of believers. Pastor comes from an ancient Indo-European root meaning to protect or to feed. Related English words include pasture, pester and even food and foster. Santo: Santo is frequently used as a title before the name of a person to mean saint. Through the process of apocopation or shortening, it becomes san before the name of male. In this context, since the baby Jesus wouldnt have been considered a saint, santo is better translated as holy or virtuous. Fieles: Fiel is an adjective meaning faithful. Here, fieles functions as a plural noun. In nonpoetic speech, the phrase los fieles would have been used. Belà ©n: This is the Spanish word for Bethlehem.

Harvard Style References Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harvard Style References - Essay Example Its provisions are centred on the basic requirements of a particular component in the building rather than the whole building requirements. Building construction in Qatar can be generally classified into Type II (Non-combustible) if not Type I (Fire Resistive) constructions. Due to the climatic condition in the country in which a temperature of more than 50 ËšC is reached during peak summertime, buildings of Type III (Limited Combustible) and Type IV (Heavy Timber) constructions whose conditions to easily catch fire can be aggravated by the dry summer season are rarely built in Qatar. Application of the NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, and the Qatar Construction Standard are implemented strictly in Qatar. GDCD implements in full the provisions of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, to establish specific requirements for means of egress. While all concepts incorporated in the code are important, means of egress could be singled out as the most important of them all as this is the last recourse where all of the fire safety strategies (prevention, communication, containment and extinguishment) fail. The ability of the occupants to quickly and efficiently exit the building is often the difference between life and death. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler System, is the main standard used by QDCD to establish specific requirements for automatic sprinkler system design and installation in buildings. The local fire safety standard establishes the criteria when automatic sprinkler system is required. NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, is used by GDCD to establish minimum requirements for the design and installation of Standpipes or Rising Mains, the term used in the local Fire Safety Standard. The local fire safety standards prescribe the criteria when standpipe is required and the type of standpipe is required for a particular building. The location or placement

Lessening Secondhand Smoke on Children Research Paper - 3

Lessening Secondhand Smoke on Children - Research Paper Example entable deaths around the world and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has some adverse effects on the people adoption of strategies to reduce this form of some would include the following interventions. Creating smoking bans and restrictions within certain places. This would involve the implementation of policies and regulations which are aimed at limiting or controlling the use of tobacco within designated areas. These approaches are strongly effective based on the scientific evidence regarding exposure to ETS. This also has some effects on reducing the amount of smoke within the environment since some people become deterred from smoking. Conducting community education among the parents and teachers about the relevance of reducing smoking. This will be undertaken in seeking to create awareness on the various individuals, including children, regarding the positive outcomes of reduced smoking. The education intervention with motivate individuals to modify their smoking behaviours in the effort to reduce the ETS. Tobacco use initiation is described as the behaviours by individuals, who were non-smokers to begin smoking. Different intervention can be undertaken to reduce their initiation and they include the following. Increasing the price of tobacco products – this is a legislative measure which seeks to increase the prices so that people become deterred from using these products. Although there are various factors which affect the possibility of people smoking, the cost factors plays a fundamental role to this effect since people must consider their costs. Mass media campaigns – these can be combined within other interventions, like education to the general public. These campaigns are focused at providing information to the general public regarding the importance of living a tobacco free lifestyle. Formative research must be undertaken in order to determine the message which will be delivered in these campaigns and determine the target population for

Comparison between SAP system and Microsoft Dynamics Research Paper

Comparison between SAP system and Microsoft Dynamics - Research Paper Example Additionally, the majority of business organizations adopts ERP solutions offered by SAP Corporation. In view of the fact these systems are costly and are designed to be used for large size business organizations therefore it is assumed that they are not suitable for small and medium-size business organizations (Park & Lee, 2006; Khaleel & Sulaiman, 2013). In this scenario, Microsoft a giant organization of IT industry has introduced some enterprise resource planning systems known as Microsoft Dynamics enterprise resource planning business solution software which provides an excellent support and wonderful capabilities to business organizations by allowing them to be more creative and allows them to acclimatize as they develop, at the same time as providing the insight they need to act in response rapidly in an ever-changing business environment (Microsoft1, 2013). ... This comparison will be on the basis of cash flow management function. SAP’s ERP System SAP ERP Central Component (or simply ECC) is one of the well-known assets of SAP Corporation. Basically, it is an ERP application (enterprise resource planning software) that is composed of a large number of modules that provide the business organizations with a great deal of control over their major business procedures. In this scenario, these modules are designed in a way that they are able to communicate with each other with the purpose of creating and maintaining a completely integrated system that offers superior performance to almost every client inside a broad range of industry areas. However, the management of business operations using SAP ECC applications can be challenging because of the risk that appears due to transformation of direct fundamental information and procedures, however the significance of counting through these types of systems and the advantages of a flourishing/in tegrated ERP application are too important. In view of the fact that it integrates a large number of modules for a variety of purposes such as financials (FI), sales and distribution (SD), material management (MM), human capital management (HCM), and a number of others, that’s why SAP ECC is one of the most attractive choices for the majority of business organizations (CIPHER Business Solutions, 2013; SAP1, 2013; F5 Networks, Inc., 2013). In addition, SAP ECC business system solutions can be an excellent option for those business organizations that are in search of a complete, integrated industry application to have full control over their

Nursing Reflection | Inequalities in Health Case Study

Nursing Reflection | Inequalities in Health Case Study Introduction Reflection is a process in which we go over the events that we have been through and think over what happened, what we have done, and what we could have done better if we had to find ourselves once again in that situation. Reflection can happen either as we are going through something, or afterwards when we stop and reflect. Reflection helps us to gain insight as to why we act the way that we do and so help us to understand better how we behave in certain circumstances. Reflection is a dynamic method whereby a specialised person can gain awareness and achieve an understanding of how shared, social and individual experiences have contributed to professional training and knowledge (Wilkinson, 1996). ‘We can regard it as having three elements: return to experience, attending to feelings and re-evaluation of experience’, (Boud 2001)., Reflection is a way of developing practical knowledge and students can start using reflection as their knowledge of nursing mounts up. There a re two focal points of significance: unawareness and socio-political significance (Heath, 1998). Knowing is a self-motivated process and a product of individual thinking and changes as the person survives and interrelates in the world. Its qualifications are knowledge, cognizance and reflection. The results are to understand the behaviour and making sense and altering the behaviour, (Bonis, 2009). Reflection is being wary of what you do and say, either when you are experiencing something or afterwards, like when the person is looking through a window and sees himself within the perspective of a specific experience in order to challenge, comprehend and try to solve conflicts amid his own idea of what is right and what he actually practices, (Johns, 2005). Account Whilst on one of my placements at the Commcare I was asked to accompany one of the staff to the multiple daily assessment visits that they do. Commcare is an assessment unit which delivers support to the community by assessing individual needs and then acting accordingly, while at the same time providing assistance and care plans for the individual needs. Assessment is done to calculate the essential needs, to develop care plans, watch for timely improvement, and design delivery of the needed services,(Gamble and Brennan, 2006). Commcare’s aim is help the individual maintain his or her freedom while still living in the comfort of own homes. Individuals are referred to other services if needed. Persons can also be referred to the Malta Memorial District Nursing Association, (M.M.D.N.A.), which is a non-paying organisation, offering nursing and midwifery services. Commcare also provides the services of a physiotherapist, social worker, an occupational therapist and carers. ‘The precise organization and content of health services will differ from one country to another, but in any well-functioning health system, t he network of service delivery should have the following characteristics: comprehensiveness, accessibility, continuity, people-centeredness, coordination, accountability and efficiency’ ,(Global Health Observatory,2014) . After visiting some clients who needed some sort of service or other, we visited the last client on the list for the morning. When we rang the door-bell, a lady, who looked like she was in her early sixties, opened the door for us. As soon as we stepped in we could tell that this was an educated family. The house smelled clean and the occupants looked educated. This could be seen by the way that the house was kept, by their verbal communication and through their body language. Non-verbal and verbal hints are smart signals for transmitting and getting information, (Galloway, 1968). A slightly elderly gentleman joined the lady, and since both of them looked healthy and both were over sixties, I was wondering why we were actually there. Both of them asked us to go up the stairs and then we were guided into another clean room where there was this very old gentleman, with oxygen nasal prongs and sitting in a comfortable chair. The room seemed well equipped to the needs of the patient and some structural to build a small bathroom in his bedroom. The nurse started to ask who was everyone and we found out that whilst the elderly gentleman was the father, the other two were his non-married children and that all lived in the same house. The son, who was a priest, was mostly out of the house especially during the day while the daughter took care of the house and her father. However she was finding it difficult to leave the house even to go shopping since her father had returned from hospital and he needed some supervision and so she could not leave him alone. The father, who was quiet a tall gentleman and who was 92 years old, wished to bathe instead of showering . However he needed some assistance to wash the lower part of his body especially his feet and he would not allow his daughter to bathe him. The nurse was interviewing the daughter regarding her father’s needs and the dad interrupted the nurse to tell him that he must be included in the conversation. I smi led silently to myself as I could see that he meant what he said. The nurse nodded and started to address the gentleman as well but somehow once again he ended up addressing the daughter. The gentleman stood on his feet and cleared his voice with all the highest pitch that he could muster told that nurse that he was still here, on this world and since it was him that they were talking about, he wanted to know what they were saying and to be included in the conversation. The opinions and observations of those that we take care of are necessary to allow us to carry out care compassionately, with pride and respect, (Hemmingway, 2012). This home visit highly contrasted with a home to which we had been a few minutes before. The first thing that I noticed when the door was opened was the musty smell that came out and all that I saw at the time were a pair of very dirty shoeless feet even though the weather was very cold. The man who stood before us looked very old and he was by himself. His home was extremely dirty and poor-looking and I felt that I needed to get out as soon as possible. Conditions in which people live effect a person’s chance to be healthy and jeopardize their life expectancy, (World Health Organisation,2014). When the nurse started interviewing this client they found that he had no-one to help him, had no income and he had a multitude of health issues. Deprived people have more risk of developing disease due to their lower socio-economic status, (WHO, 2011). The man was only sixty-six years old and had been jobless his entire life. Although money was a problem he had been smoking and the nur se did ask him why did he spent the little money that he had on cigarettes and not use them to get food. But going through the only room which he occupied was a picture of him when he was much younger. In this picture he was smoking. People develop coping mechanisms to deal with problems and although this was not a good method to deal with his problems, and he had to be discouraged from using cigarettes, I felt that this issue could be handled later, after his more basic needs were met. Feelings and Thoughts The first thing that came to my mind when we visited this house was the difference in social class that exists on our island. Inequalities in health are not only connected to accessibility to health care services; there are other determining factors linked to the conditions in which we work and live (Whitehead et al., 2014). Barely twenty minutes before had we been to another house just a few minutes away, and the difference was tremendous. I could not help the feeling of the great injustices around us. Here was this educated, well dressed gentleman, warm in his house, being well cared for and looked after, while in the other house, the gentleman lived by himself, alone and dirty, with nothing in the house to eat except a piece of a stale loaf and some dried up tomato paste. Unconsciously I was comparing the gentlemen’s houses and way of living. The first house that we had visited was dirty, had no furniture except a bed in a corner and some very spare items, whilst the second house was very well attended to. I could never have imagined that there was so much difference in the way people lived. I was not blaming anyone but I did think about the inequities in health and social detriments I loved the way that the gentleman kept interrupting the conversation. He was very assertive in the way that he said that he had to be involved in the decisions which were being taken regarding his issues. It is true, some of us, me included, sometimes tend to decide about someone’s well-being without including and taking the opinion of the person about whom we are talking. Although the gentleman was very old, he was still very lucid and aware of what was going on and I felt that we were somehow taking away his dignity because we were treating him as if he was not there and we were taking decisions for him until he stopped us. It is by being conscious of individual actions that the health care professional may change his views and actions to develop more corrective measures in the nurse/client therapeutic relationship, (Maude,2012). Both of his children cared for him in their family home. The son spent a lot of time out of home, but the daughter spent all the time at home with her father and did not seem to have any time for herself. She was also not very young and seemed like she could profit from some help. Her father did seem a little demanding and I thought that she needed a break from her routine. I was glad to note that Commcare could offer the services of a carer for a few hours per week, an offer which she gladly agreed to. Something which I admire in the service is that it looks holistically at the needs of the person and the situation as a whole. Whoever goes to assess the individuals does this with an open mind and help is offered holistically. Holistic needs assessment is a procedure of collecting data from the patients and carer to discuss and improve the client’s requirements and ideals with the person as a whole by ‘integrating their physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and environmental well-being’, (National Cancer Survivorship Initiative,2011). Help is offered at all levels and I was impressed by the way that they follow their clients to see that they are getting what they need. ANALYSES During these placements I noted that most people do not know about the services that are provided and even if they know about them, they do not know how to access them. Maybe the local councils can help in this area by providing lists and telephone numbers to a number of government and non-government services and agencies that are available. Another thing that I noted is that we do our best to see that if possible care is provided in the homes and that is a very good thing, however we do not seem to offer a lot of support for those people who care for their elderly. Emotional illness affects both the way that carers provide the care as well as their private lives. Two of the most common disorders of the carers are anxiety and exhaustion, (Penson et al., 2000). I think that even in this area, local councils can help. They can create groups of local volunteers who could offer their services for a few hours to these people who in return would be able to take care of themselves for a few hours. These placements have reinforced my beliefs that being is nurse is not just helping with the medical and nursing advice. Assessing the patients in their own environment is also important if we are to treat the patients holistically. We are the patients advocate and as that we have to make sure that the treatment that they are getting is adequate. It is also essential to be empathic and supportive. Sometimes we need to put ourselves in that patient’s shoes or maybe ask the question ‘How would I treat this patient if she or he were my mum or dad?’ Practising empathy helps us feel stronger and less stressed because we will understand that we are somehow connected, (Dinkins, 2011). Going through some sites to research for this assignment, I came through an article which really had an impact on me. The article by Rhonda Nay,(2013), is about how our modern civilization has put apart our senior citizens and how this is our problem and that we should value senior citizens ‘and make care of older people and people with dementia an issue of high importance’. Most times we tend to think that old people cannot think for themselves, that they are no longer useful to the community. While it is true that they might not be as agile as they once were, it is also true that they can still contribute to society. ‘ The economic and social contribution offered by older people – in employment, volunteering, or caring for partners, children and other family members– is rarely acknowledged’, (Commission on Dignity in Care for Older People, 2012). Working with helpless people has helped me to improve my skills in handling delicate issues. They have helped me become aware of certain problems which I had not been aware of before, like poverty and like how important it is to look at the clients in a holistic way and without any prejudice. In other words, both the staff and the clients have helped me comprehend the concept of holistic care and the importance of looking at a client’s lifestyle as well as his history and not just focus on his medical condition. We are there to see past the illnesses and we are there to teach patients on how to adopt better lifestyle choices which can positively affect their health. I am sure that having more insight will help me to continue to offer the best service to our clients. References A. (Eds.) Promoting Journal Writing in Adult Education. New Directions in Adult and Continuing Education No. 90. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 9-18. Bonis, S. (2009). Knowing in nursing: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(6), 1328-1341. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04951.x Boud, D. (2001). Using journal writing to enhance reflective practice. In English, L. M. and Gillen, M. Charles Galloway, C., (1968), Theory into Practice, Vol. 7, No. 5, Workshop in the Analysis of Teaching), pp. 172-175, Published by: Taylor Francis, Ltd. Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org.ejournals.um.edu.mt/stable/1475983 Commission on Dignity in Care for Older People, pg 6, http://www.ageuk.org.uk/Global/Delivering Dignity Report.pdf?dtrk=true Dinkins, C. (May 10, 2011) Ethics: Beyond Patient Care: Practicing Empathy in the Workplace OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 16 No. 2. Gamble and Brennan, 2006, Working with serious Mental illness. Global Health Observatory, 2014, Service Delivery, http://www.who.int/gho/service_delivery/en/ Heath, H. (1998). Reflection and patterns of knowing in nursing. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 27(5), 1054-1059. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00593.x Hemingway,A., (2012), â€Å"Humanity, respect and dignity are the foundations of practice, www.nursingtimes.net / Vol 108 No 40 / nursing times ,Pg 11 Johns,C., Transforming Nursing Through Reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ective Practice; Chapter 1., Expanding the Gates of Perception, Pg 2. Maude,P., (2012), Utilising Reflective Practice Journals to Explore Student Fears and Feelings during Psychiatric Nursing Clinical Placement, International Journal of Modern Education Forum (IJMEF) Volume 1 Issue 1,August 2012, Pg 21 National Cancer Action Team, London: NCAT; 2011. Holistic needs assessment for people with cancer: a practical guide for healthcare professionals, http://www.ncsi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/The_holistic_needs_assessment_for_people_with_cancer_A_practical_Guide_NCAT.pdf nals. Nay,R., (2012), An age-old problem: society fails to truly embrace its seniors., http://theconversation.com/an-age-old-problem-society-fails-to-truly-embrace-its-seniors-16299 Nonverbal Communication Penson, R.T., Dignan,F.L., Canellos,g.p., Picard, C.L., Lynch,T.J., Burnout: Caring for the Caregivers , The Oncologist 2000; 5:425-434 Whitehead, Povall, S., Loring, B., WHO, (2014), The equity action spectrum: taking a comprehensive approach; Guidance for addressing inequities in health, Pg 3, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/247631/equity-action-090514.pdf?ua=1 World Health Organisation, 2004, Social Detriments, http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/social-determinants/social-determinants World Health Organisation, 2011, 10 facts on health inequities and their causes, http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/health_inequities/en/